The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Health Advisory on February 24, 2023 about an increase in extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Shigella infections (shigellosis) that has been reported through national surveillance systems. In 2022, about 5% of Shigella infections reported to CDC were caused by XDR strains, compared with 0% in 2015¹. Clinicians treating patients infected with XDR strains have limited antimicrobial treatment options. Healthcare professionals should be vigilant about detecting and reporting cases of Shigella infection (including XDR Shigella) to DC Health and educating patients and communities at increased risk about prevention and transmission.